The CHIPS and Science Act of 2022 establishes a comprehensive federal framework to strengthen the United States’ capacity in semiconductor manufacturing, scientific research, and strategic technologies including artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and advanced communications. Enacted as Public Law 117-167, it authorises more than USD 50 billion in incentives for domestic semiconductor production and creates long-term funding mechanisms for the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Department of Commerce, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The Act emphasises innovation ecosystems and regional technology hubs, promoting secure and resilient supply chains critical to AI infrastructure. By supporting AI research through the NSF Directorate for Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships, and through AI-related grant programmes, it reinforces U.S. leadership in responsible and trustworthy AI development. The Act thus links economic security with AI advancement, positioning technological sovereignty and ethical innovation as key pillars of national competitiveness.